What research methodology involves analyzing previously published information on a specific topic?

A literature review is a research methodology that focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of previously published materials on a given topic. It entails gathering existing research, articles, books, and other scholarly works to summarize current knowledge, identify gaps in the research, and establish a context for new studies. This type of research is crucial as it helps to frame new hypotheses, validate findings, and provide a comprehensive overview of what has already been discovered by others in the field.

In contrast, a case study refers to an in-depth analysis of a specific instance or event, often involving direct observation or interaction with the subject matter, which does not rely solely on previously published information. A field study typically involves the collection of primary data through direct observation in a natural setting rather than relying on existing literature. Primary research encompasses original data collection performed by the researcher themselves, such as surveys or experiments, rather than analyzing existing information.